Category: Lineserve

---

1. Download & Install SNMP Exporter

1. Grab the latest release from the official GitHub repo ([Grafana Labs][1])
2. Unpack and install:
   “`bash
   wget https://github.com/prometheus/snmp_exporter/releases/download//snmp_exporter-.linux-amd64.tar.gz
   tar xzf snmp_exporter-*.tar.gz
   sudo mv snmp_exporter-.linux-amd64 /opt/snmp_exporter-
   sudo ln -s /opt/snmp_exporter- /opt/snmp_exporter

3. Make the binary executable and optionally add /opt/snmp_exporter to your PATH (nsrc.org, sbcode.net)

---

2. Generate & Configure snmp.yml

• Use the default snmp.yml (built around if_mib) for basic interface metrics.
• For device-specific metrics, customize or generate a config using snmp_exporter’s generator tool to include CPU, memory, temperature, etc. (GitHub)
• Place your MIB files (e.g. from vendors like Cisco) into a directory (e.g. /usr/share/snmp/mibs) and reference them if crafting custom modules (groups.google.com)

---

3. Install Supporting Tools (Linux)

Ensure SNMP tools and dependencies are installed:

• On Ubuntu/Debian:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install gcc make net-snmp net-snmp-utils

• On RHEL/CentOS:

sudo yum install gcc make net-snmp net-snmp-utils net-snmp-libs

This includes tools like snmpwalk, snmpget you can use to validate target devices before deploying the exporter (youtube.com, nsrc.org)

---

4. Run the Exporter

From the installation directory:

cd /opt/snmp_exporter
./snmp_exporter --config.file=snmp.yml

By default, it listens on port 9116 at /metrics, exposing its own internal metrics (prometheus.io)

---

5. Configure Prometheus to Scrape SNMP

Edit your prometheus.yml to add:

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'snmp'
    static_configs:
      - targets:
          - "192.0.2.5" # your device IP
    metrics_path: /snmp
    params:
      module: [if_mib] # matches one module in snmp.yml
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 127.0.0.1:9116 # exporter address

This enables Prometheus to send SNMP requests via the exporter to the target device (artifacthub.io, dbi-services.com)

---

6. Test SNMP Access

Before relying on the exporter, verify SNMP connectivity with standard tools:

snmpwalk -v2c -c public 192.0.2.5

or for SNMPv3:

snmpget -v3 -u <user> -l authPriv -a MD5 -A <authpass> -x DES -X <privpass> 192.0.2.5 .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0

---

7. Validate & Verify

• After starting Prometheus, visit http://<prometheus-host>:9090/targets to check the snmp job status.
• If DOWN, confirm exporter is running and reachable.
• Use curl http://localhost:9116/metrics to check exporter health.
• Use curl 'http://localhost:9116/snmp?module=if_mib&target=192.0.2.5' to test probe metrics manually.

---

8. Advanced Tips & Best Practices

• Before deploying custom MIB modules, test modules with the SNMP generator to ensure correct mapping of OIDs to metrics (docs-bigbang.dso.mil, GitHub)
• Allocate unique ports when running multiple exporters on a host; the SNMP exporter defaults to 9116 (prometheus.io)
• Protect any HTTP endpoint access (including /snmp or SNMP community/credentials) using network and monitoring security best practices (prometheus.io)
• To avoid exposing sensitive SNMP strings in config, consider external secret files or tools that support secret hiding (discuss.prometheus.io)

---

✅ TL;DR

Step	Task
1	Download & unpack exporter binary
2	Generate & customize snmp.yml with needed MIBs/modules
3	Install SNMP tools (net-snmp, etc.)
4	Launch exporter: ./snmp_exporter --config.file=snmp.yml
5	Add snmp scrape config to prometheus.yml
6	Validate via snmpwalk & Prometheus UI

---

Example Ubuntu Workflow

sudo apt update
sudo apt install wget net-snmp net-snmp-utils gcc make
wget https://github.com/prometheus/snmp_exporter/releases/download/0.20.0/snmp_exporter-0.20.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xzf snmp_exporter-*.tar.gz
sudo mv snmp_exporter-0.20.0.linux-amd64 /opt/snmp_exporter-0.20.0
sudo ln -s /opt/snmp_exporter-0.20.0 /opt/snmp_exporter
cd /opt/snmp_exporter
./snmp_exporter --config.file=snmp.yml &

Then configure Prometheus as shown above and restart it. After launch, check /targets and /metrics.

---

Installing Git is straightforward, and the process varies slightly depending on your operating system. Here’s how to install Git on **Windows**, **macOS**, and **Linux**:

—

### **1. Install Git on Windows**
#### **Option 1: Install Git via Official Installer**
1. **Download Git** from the official website:
→ [https://git-scm.com/download/win](https://git-scm.com/download/win)
2. **Run the installer** (`Git-x.x.x-64-bit.exe`).
3. Follow the setup wizard (default options are fine for most users).
4. **Verify installation** by opening **Command Prompt** (`cmd`) and running:
“`sh
git –version
“`

#### **Option 2: Install Git via Winget (Windows Package Manager)**
Run in **PowerShell** or **Command Prompt**:
“`sh
winget install –id Git.Git -e –source winget
“`

—

### **2. Install Git on macOS**
#### **Option 1: Install Git via Homebrew (Recommended)**
1. Open **Terminal**.
2. Install **Homebrew** (if not already installed):
“`sh
/bin/bash -c “$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)”
“`
3. Install Git:
“`sh
brew install git
“`
4. Verify:
“`sh
git –version
“`

#### **Option 2: Install Git via Xcode Command Line Tools**
Run in **Terminal**:
“`sh
xcode-select –install
“`
This will install Git along with other developer tools.

—

### **3. Install Git on Linux**
#### **Debian/Ubuntu (apt)**
“`sh
sudo apt update && sudo apt install git -y
“`

#### **Fedora (dnf)**
“`sh
sudo dnf install git -y
“`

#### **Arch Linux (pacman)**
“`sh
sudo pacman -S git
“`

#### **Verify Installation**
“`sh
git –version
“`

—

### **Post-Installation Setup (Recommended)**
After installing Git, configure your username and email (required for commits):
“`sh
git config –global user.name “Your Name”
git config –global user.email “[email protected]”
“`
Check your settings:
“`sh
git config –list
“`

—

### **Next Steps**
– Learn basic Git commands (`git clone`, `git add`, `git commit`, `git push`).
– Use a GUI tool like **GitHub Desktop**, **Sourcetree**, or **VS Code Git integration**.

Let me know if you need help with any step! 🚀

Installing Git is straightforward, and the process varies slightly depending on your operating system. Here’s how to install Git on **Windows**, **macOS**, and **Linux**:\n\n—\n\n### **1. Install Git on Windows**\n#### **Option 1: Install Git via Official Installer**\n1. **Download Git** from the official website: \n → [https://git-scm.com/download/win](https://git-scm.com/download/win)\n2. **Run the installer** (`Git-x.x.x-64-bit.exe`).\n3. Follow the setup wizard (default options are fine for most users).\n4. **Verify installation** by opening **Command Prompt** (`cmd`) and running:\n “`sh\n git –version\n “`\n\n#### **Option 2: Install Git via Winget (Windows Package Manager)**\nRun in **PowerShell** or **Command Prompt**:\n“`sh\nwinget install –id Git.Git -e –source winget\n“`\n\n—\n\n### **2. Install Git on macOS**\n#### **Option 1: Install Git via Homebrew (Recommended)**\n1. Open **Terminal**.\n2. Install **Homebrew** (if not already installed):\n “`sh\n /bin/bash -c “$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)”\n “`\n3. Install Git:\n “`sh\n brew install git\n “`\n4. Verify:\n “`sh\n git –version\n “`\n\n#### **Option 2: Install Git via Xcode Command Line Tools**\nRun in **Terminal**:\n“`sh\nxcode-select –install\n“`\nThis will install Git along with other developer tools.\n\n—\n\n### **3. Install Git on Linux**\n#### **Debian/Ubuntu (apt)**\n“`sh\nsudo apt update && sudo apt install git -y\n“`\n\n#### **Fedora (dnf)**\n“`sh\nsudo dnf install git -y\n“`\n\n#### **Arch Linux (pacman)**\n“`sh\nsudo pacman -S git\n“`\n\n#### **Verify Installation**\n“`sh\ngit –version\n“`\n\n—\n\n### **Post-Installation Setup (Recommended)**\nAfter installing Git, configure your username and email (required for commits):\n“`sh\ngit config –global user.name “Your Name”\ngit config –global user.email “[email protected]”\n“`\nCheck your settings:\n“`sh\ngit config –list\n“`\n\n—\n\n### **Next Steps**\n- Learn basic Git commands (`git clone`, `git add`, `git commit`, `git push`).\n- Use a GUI tool like **GitHub Desktop**, **Sourcetree**, or **VS Code Git integration**.\n\nLet me know if you need help with any step! 🚀

If you’ve ever wanted to pull WordPress content into an app, static site, or dashboard without dealing with the REST API, WPGraphQL is a powerful plugin that exposes your WordPress data as a GraphQL endpoint. In this guide, we’ll focus on how to query posts directly — including getting a single post or a list of the latest posts — using curl from the command line.

---

1. Install WPGraphQL

In your WordPress dashboard:

1. Go to Plugins → Add New
2. Search for “WPGraphQL”
3. Install and activate the plugin

This will create a new endpoint:

https://yourdomain.com/graphql

---

2. Get the Latest Posts with cURL

Run the following command, replacing the domain with your own:

curl -X POST https://yourdomain.com/graphql \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "query": "{ posts(first: 5) { nodes { id title excerpt date uri } } }"
  }'

What this does:

• Sends a POST request to the /graphql endpoint
• Requests the first 5 posts, returning id, title, excerpt, date, and uri

---

3. Get a Single Post by Slug with cURL

If you know the slug of your post (for example, hello-world), you can fetch it directly:

curl -X POST https://yourdomain.com/graphql \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "query": "query GetPostBySlug($slug: ID!) { post(id: $slug, idType: SLUG) { id title content date uri } }",
    "variables": { "slug": "hello-world" }
  }'

Key points:

• post query fetches a single post instead of an array
• idType: SLUG tells GraphQL to interpret the ID as a post slug
• The variables object passes the slug value dynamically

---

4. Common Field Options

WPGraphQL lets you fetch more than just titles and content. Some useful fields include:

• author { node { name } } → Get the author’s name
• featuredImage { node { sourceUrl } } → Get the post’s featured image URL
• categories { nodes { name slug } } → Get category data

Example:

{
  post(id: "hello-world", idType: SLUG) {
    title
    author { node { name } }
    featuredImage { node { sourceUrl } }
    categories { nodes { name slug } }
  }
}

---

5. Why Use WPGraphQL Over REST API?

• Flexible: You choose exactly which fields you want — no over-fetching
• Single request: Get all related data in one query
• Structured: Responses are predictable and match your query shape

---

Conclusion

With WPGraphQL, you can turn your WordPress site into a modern, headless CMS that’s easy to integrate into apps and frontends. Using curl is a quick way to test queries before integrating them into your codebase. Once you’ve mastered the basics, you can use advanced GraphQL features like fragments, filtering, and pagination to tailor your data fetching even further.